What is an exponential and a hyperbolic Horn?

An exponential horn is a type of acoustic horn that has an exponential flare rate. This means that the cross-sectional area of the horn increases exponentially from the throat to the mouth. A horn with a flare constant of 1.0 is a true exponential horn, while a flare constant less than 1.0 is a hyperbolic horn. The details as below.

The formula is as follows,

m and fc (cutoff frequency Hz), c (speed of sound 34400mm/s)

Correlation In the case of the hyperbolic horn, the formula is

So, the specific calculation is more complicated, so I won’t go into details. Interested friends can do their own research, and here are so many, the main purpose is to show that the horn is not simply stacked with several boards, make a radian, and then seal a board on the left and right. It will work.

Therefore, the size of the horn is also fixed, and it does not support changing it to be larger or smaller.

The exponential horn has an acoustic loading property that allows the speaker driver to remain evenly balanced in output level over its frequency range.

An exponential horn works by increasing the overall efficiency of the driving element. The shape of the horn allows for a controlled cross-section increase, resulting in an impedance match between the sound source and the surrounding air. This means that an acoustic horn can radiate sound efficiently in a large frequency range. Efficient radiation is obtained when the pressure is in phase with the particle velocity, which requires a large surface at lower frequencies . The exponential flare rate of the horn helps to maintain an even output level over its frequency range.

The benefits of using an exponential horn include increased efficiency and improved output level balance over its frequency range. The exponential flare rate of the horn helps to maintain an even output level over its frequency range, allowing the speaker driver to remain evenly balanced in output level. This can result in greater acoustic output power from a given driver. Additionally, the shape of the horn allows for an impedance match between the sound source and the surrounding air, which can result in more efficient radiation of sound in a large frequency range.

An exponential horn is different from other types of horns in the way its cross-sectional area increases from the throat to the mouth. The flare rate of an exponential horn is exponential, meaning that the cross-sectional area of the horn increases exponentially from the throat to the mouth. This is in contrast to other types of horns, such as hyperbolic-exponential horns, which have a flare constant less than 1.0 and flare more suddenly at their mouth . The exponential flare rate of an exponential horn helps to maintain an even output level over its frequency range, allowing the speaker driver to remain evenly balanced in output level.

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IWSITAO Customized 1 Pair TAD TH4001 Hyperbolic Stable Diffusion Empty Wooden Horn 2 Inches Throat Birch Plywood Wide 612MM with Adapter

IWSITAO Customized 1 Pair Hyperbolic Stable Diffusion Empty Wooden Horn 1 Inch Throat Birch Plywood Wide 400MM with Adapter

R Core Transformer for Vacuum Tube Amplifier

R core transformer is a type of transformer that uses a ring-shaped core made of cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel, and the cross section is round, like O core transformer It has many advantages over conventional transformers, such as low noise, low loss,  low flux leakage, low no-load current, high efficiency, and compact size.  R core transformer is a kind of copper saving transformer, needs less copper for each turn. Its explosive power in audio better than toroidal transformer. The bobbins of R core transformer are made of PBT plastic, which has a strong dielectric strength and fire resistance. 

R core transformer is widely used in industrial control, home appliances, hi-fi audio equipment, signal equipment, office device, communication apparatus, test instrument and medical instrument. In this blog post, I will introduce the basic structure and working principle of R core transformer, and explain some of its applications and benefits.

The R core transformer consists of two parts: the R core and the winding. The R core is a continuous ring-shaped core that has no air gap or cut. 

The winding is wrapped around the R core in a spiral manner, forming two coils: the primary coil and the secondary coil. The primary coil is connected to the input voltage source, and the secondary coil is connected to the output load. OFC(Oxygen Free Copper) copper wire applied in R core transformers, OFC has no hydrogen embrittlement, and has a high conductivity. It is commonly used in audio equipment, vacuum electronic components, wire and so on.

The working principle of R core transformer is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it generates a magnetic flux in the R core. The magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in the secondary coil, which produces an output voltage. The ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage depends on the number of turns of the coils. The more turns the secondary coil has, the higher the output voltage.

One of the main advantages of R core transformer is that it has low noise. Because the R core has no air gap or cut, it does not produce any mechanical vibration or humming sound when working. This makes it suitable for applications that require quiet operation, such as audio equipment, medical devices, and communication systems.

Another advantage of R core transformer is that it has low loss. The R core has high magnetic permeability and low hysteresis loss, which means it can efficiently transfer the magnetic flux from the primary coil to the secondary coil. The winding also has low resistance and low leakage inductance, which reduces the heat generation and power loss. As a result, R core transformer has high efficiency and low temperature rise.

A third advantage of R core transformer is that it has compact size. The R core has a simple and symmetrical shape that can fit into a small space. The winding also has a uniform distribution and a small diameter, which reduces the volume and weight of the transformer. This makes it easy to install and transport.

R core transformer is a versatile and reliable device that can be used for various purposes. Some of its applications include power supply, voltage regulation, isolation, impedance matching, signal transmission, and filtering. It can also be customized to meet different specifications and requirements.

There is a R core transformer, which is developed for vacuum tube preamplifier specially. Its primary voltage is AC 0-115V-230v, and its secondary voltage are dual 220V and dual 6.3V.

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IWISTAO R Type Transformer 35W Input 0-115V-230V Dual 220V 6.3V Tube Amp Preamp